Which component is essential for potential equalization between grounded metal bodies and a lightning protection system?

The bonding conductor is essential for potential equalization between grounded metal bodies and a lightning protection system because it facilitates the electrical connection that ensures all conductive parts are at the same electrical potential. This reduces the risk of dangerous voltage differences during a lightning strike or surge, which can lead to electric shock or equipment damage. By connecting various metal structures, such as water pipes, structural steel, and the lightning protection system, the bonding conductor helps to provide a path for lightning currents to flow safely to the ground, minimizing the risk of side flashes or other electrical hazards.

In comparison, while a grounding rod, surge protector, and grounding plate serve important roles in a lightning protection system, they do not specifically address the need for equalizing potential among multiple grounded metal bodies as effectively as the bonding conductor does. Grounding rods are primarily used for establishing a ground connection, surge protectors serve to shield systems from overvoltages, and grounding plates provide a larger surface area for grounding but do not actively interconnect different conductive elements for equalization.